Basic Plumbing System !

Plumbing is the system of pipes, drains, fittings, valves and fixtures installed for the distribution of potable water for drinking, heating and washing & waterborne waste removal. Plumbing also refers to a skilled trade which deals with installation and maintenance. The plumbing industry is a basic and substantial part of every developed economy. The word derives from Latin plumbum for lead, as the first effective pipes used in Roman era were lead pipes.

Plumbing often denotes the supply and waste system of an individual building, distinguishing it from water supply and sewage systems that serve a group of buildings.
The major categories of plumbing systems or subsystems are:

• Potable cold and hot tap water supply.
• Plumbing drainage venting.
• Sewage system and septic systems with or without hot water heat recycling and graywater recovery and treatment systems.
• Rainwater, surface and subsurface water drainage.
• Fuel, Gas piping.
• Hydronics i.e. heating and cooling systems utilizing water to transport thermal energy, as in district heating systems.

Materials:

Water systems of ancient times relied on gravity for the supply of water, using pipes or channels usually made of clay, lead bamboo,wood or stone. Hollowed wooden logs wrapped in steel banding were use for plumbing pipes, particularly water mains. Today, most plumbing supply pipe is made out of steel, copper and plastic; most waste (also known as 'soil') out of steel, copper, plastic and cast iron.

The straight sections of plumbing systems are called 'pipes' or 'tubes'. A pipe is typically formed via casting or welding, whereas a tube is made through extrusion. Pipe normally has thicker walls and may be threaded or welded, while tubing is thinner-walled and requires special joining techniques such as brazing, compression fitting, crimping or for plastics, solvent welding. 

Most using below materials for plumbing purpose:

Galvanized Steel Pipe
Copper Tubing Pipe
Plastic Pipe